A jeweller paid ₹65,000 for a “yellow sapphire” that turned out to be a ₹1,500 citrine. Ravi Kapoor explains why no gemstone should be bought without a certificate you can verify.

The conversion table, the one question to ask at the counter, and how the ratti-carat mix-up quietly adds 10% to your bill.

Heating, oiling, glass filling, diffusion, dyeing — what each treatment does, which stones it is common on, and which ones matter for astrological wear.

The warning signs that show up in the conversation, the price and the paperwork — and why the popular home tests for real gemstones do not work.

What every field on a gemstone report means — species, treatment, RI and SG, measurements — plus seven red flags worth walking away from.